Since you have decided to become a self-taught electrician, then probably after a short period of time you will want to make some useful electrical appliance for your home, car or cottage with your own hands. At the same time, homemade products can be useful not only in everyday life, but also made for sale, for example. In fact, the process of assembling simple devices at home is not difficult at all. You just need to be able to read diagrams and use the ham radio tool.

As for the first point, before you start making electronic homemade products with your own hands, you need to learn how to read electrical circuits. In this case, ours will be a good helper.

Among the tools for novice electricians, you will need a soldering iron, a set of screwdrivers, pliers and a multimeter. To assemble some popular electrical appliances, you may even need a welding machine, but this is a rare case. By the way, in this section of the site we even described the same welding machine.

Special attention should be paid to available materials, from which every novice electrician can make basic electronic homemade products with their own hands. Most often, old domestic parts are used in the manufacture of simple and useful electrical appliances: transformers, amplifiers, wires, etc. In most cases, novice radio amateurs and electricians just need to look for all the necessary tools in a garage or shed in the country.

When everything is ready - the tools have been collected, spare parts have been found and minimal knowledge has been obtained, you can proceed to assembling amateur electronic homemade products at home. This is where our small guide will help you. Each instruction provided includes not only detailed description each stage of creating electrical appliances, but is also accompanied by photo examples, diagrams, as well as video lessons that clearly show the entire manufacturing process. If you do not understand some point, you can clarify it under the entry in the comments. Our specialists will try to advise you in a timely manner!

A selection of original and interesting circuit solutions and improvements for various types car.

Automatic car charger- The circuit turns on the battery for charging when its voltage drops to a certain level and turns off when the maximum is reached.
Charger for a car using an integrated circuit LM7815- The basis of the circuit is the LM7815 integrated circuit with a protection system and analog indicator circuits. A voltmeter and an ammeter added to the circuit as indicators provide monitoring of current and voltage while the battery is charging.
Automatic voltage polarity switch for charger - designed for charging twelve-volt car batteries. Its main feature is that it allows connecting a battery with any polarity.
Automatic Charger for automotive lead-acid batteries
Charger for powerful car batteries - based on the IR2153 chip, this is a self-clocked half-bridge driver, which is quite often used in industrial ballasts for fluorescent lamps

Engine overheat sensor. In order not to wait for the moment when the water in the radiator turns into steam, you can use the design on the DS1821 thermostat
Ice sensor As soon as the air temperature drops to 4 degrees Celsius, the LED mounted on the car’s dashboard will begin to blink; with a further decrease in temperature, the LED blinks with more high frequency. And if the temperature drops to - 1 degree or lower, the LED will light continuously until - 6 degrees, and then the device automatically turns off.
Seat belt sensor If you drive without wearing seat belts, you can get injured in an accident or face a fine. The radio amateur has special developments in his arsenal that signal to the driver that the seat belt is not fastened
Radiator water level indicator. A device that signals a decrease in water level, which will inevitably lead to overheating of the motor.
Voltage indicator in the vehicle's on-board network Most cars do not have a device from which the driver can judge the voltage of the on-board network. The voltage of the vehicle's on-board network varies widely, depending on the operating mode of the power supply system.
Scheme of pre-sleep driver status indicator As is known, up to 25-30% of transport accidents are caused by drivers falling asleep at the wheel. To assess the psychophysiological state of the driver during driving vehicle Telemetric systems have been developed to monitor the blinking frequency of his eyelids, register biopotential, galvanic skin response, and motor activity. All of the above methods have not found wide application in practice due to their complexity, high cost, and the need to fix various sensors on the driver’s skin

Amateur radio selection on the topic of lighting in the car interior, as well as homemade designs from rear license plate illumination to replacing light bulbs in the instrument panel: LED turn signal, automatic anti-glare flashlight, Low beam diagrams, designs and accessories for headlights, Stop signal, its purpose and modifications, Delay diagram for turning on and off the light in the car interior, Running lights scheme automatic control on a microcontroller, etc.

Making a neutral sensor. Many car enthusiasts know that installing a car alarm with auto start on a car with a manual transmission is quite difficult, and switching the alarm to the “automatic” mode can get an unpleasant result. But, to solve these problems, you can make the autostart operation safer by installing a neutral sensor from the reed switch. Let us remind you that with an autostart with a manual transmission, the logical neutral position of the car, arming the car and locking the doors can only be done with the engine running and the handbrake raised. If these conditions are not met, then autostart is not possible.
Anti-theft device simulator simulates engine malfunctions of your car
Remote anti-theft device using infrared rays. Schemes of remote security devices for cars using IR rays, which use information coding, are considered.
Recommendations for installing car alarms What can be done to prevent car theft? Of course, install an anti-theft system. There are many different types of alarm devices available today. Many companies and installation stations can offer the car owner a number of ways to protect the car from theft. A good alarm system does not guarantee complete safety. A competent, and sometimes non-standard, alarm installation is also required. A qualified installer knows the most common methods used by hijackers and uses this knowledge during installation
Simple starter blocking circuit consists of just one resistor and optocoupler.
Diagram of a simple bicycle anti-theft system This design for a bicycle will work if you change its position or if you touch it. Anxious sound signal lasts 30 seconds, and after a few seconds, repeats and so on until the bicycle anti-theft device is turned off.
Wireless car alarm- blocks the car engine using any mobile phone or smartphone

Articles about making tools and devices for servicing and repairing cars and their main components with your own hands: Car battery maintenance; schemes of stroboscopes-tachometers; Car paint thickness gauge; Homemade regrower for cutting tread and other original designs.

We bring to the attention of radio amateurs a circuit of an electronic ground switch that does not have mechanical contacts and is therefore more reliable and durable. Besides, this device Can also be used as an anti-theft.

Car diagrams. Parktronic on a digital chip

Parktronic is a special auxiliary device that provides additional convenience, especially for a novice car enthusiast, when parking by calculating the distance to the obstacles closest to the car and signaling the approach to them with sound and visual signs. All parking sensors work like a radar, that is, they emit ultrasonic waves using special ultrasonic sensors and analyze the sound signal reflected from obstacles

It's the 21st century, and car speedometers in most cars are still analog, processing signals coming from a conventional speed sensor. Let's correct this misunderstanding, Nav to help, a simple speedometer circuit on a microcontroller for making it yourself

Of course, this is not a professional device, but its modest capabilities will allow you to identify the degree of alcohol concentration for the driver’s self-control in order to prevent trouble on the road.

I think every car enthusiast will not refuse to have an additional service connector in the car, adapted for USB or miniUSB. Such adapters will help out in many situations, for example, powering PC peripherals, charging mobile phones or smartphones, event video recorders, and anything that is powered by the USB bus.

Motion sensors (MS) can be used not only for their intended purpose to turn on lights or as an element of a security alarm, but also in cars. For example, it will scare away a cat that decided to bask under the soot of your car, thereby saving its life, and saving you from the work of cleaning your engine from the remains of the poor animal. After all, the infrared DD will react to any moving biological object that has a “thermal” background.

There are many components in a car that are quite difficult to control when they are turned on and in good working order, and for these purposes an audible alarm is ideal; in addition, its use while reversing informs surrounding pedestrians and other drivers about the vehicle moving backwards, which is especially important for large trucks

I suggest for your consideration that you familiarize yourself with a simple diagram of a car window closer. It performs the role of lifting the windows at the moment when the car is placed on burglar alarm. The operation of the window lift device is stopped as a result of an increase in the current flowing in the load at the moment the windows are fully raised.

Automotive electric fuel pump device, principle of operation and repair. As an example, let's consider the design and principle of operation of the submersible electric fuel pump series 0580254 from BOSCH, which is used in all modifications of the K-Jefronic fuel injection system.

Car alarm It is designed to simulate a car horn, and is made using composite transistors and thyristors

Many people have portable receivers and tape recorders with a 9-volt Krona battery. On the road, they can be conveniently powered from a car battery without using up the resource of expensive batteries. It is impossible to connect such radio equipment directly to the battery, since its voltage can vary from 10 to 15 V. In addition, when the engine is running, impulse noise appears in the vehicle’s on-board network

A selection of simple diagrams for car enthusiasts: Sound alarm anti-sleep, ice alarms, Installation for cleaning crankcase gases, Device for quickly starting the engine in any frost, Compressometer, Anti-radar, Aerodynamic nozzle on the exhaust pipe and other designs

The collection of electrical circuits for cars is a very large selection.

The microcontroller circuits discussed below output to a two-bit digital indicator with a common reading from the fuel sensor of 40l. The structures are powered from the vehicle's on-board network. The original car sensor in the tank is connected to the “in” input.

Probably all drivers have at least once forgotten to turn off the direction indicators after performing a maneuver? Standard clicks from the front panel are not always clearly audible, especially if there is music playing in the cabin, so I suggest adding a simple turn signal signal circuit to your car with your own hands.

The cigarette lighter is one of the few car features that has retained its original design for more than 70 years. As a result of this, both vintage cars and the most modern models use the same design. Of course, in the old days this device was used only for one function, although now in the modern “information world” it performs different functions, for example a connector for charging various digital gadgets or even starting a car.

Amateur radio circuits for turn signals are designed to work only with LEDs in your car's brake lights; if you are still using regular bulbs, you can easily replicate the design of the turn signal. Simple development" Brake lights" - a homemade time relay will turn off the latter if they are on for more than 40-60 seconds, and turn signal relay upgrade 495.3747 will allow the introduction of LEDs instead of incandescent lamps into the standard equipment of VAZ or GAZ.

The proposed first option for upgrading the car windshield wiper relay has higher operational reliability and can provide dynamic engine braking. No modifications to the standard electrical equipment circuit are required. Quite simple options for upgrading the windshield wiper relay will allow you not to be distracted by turning the wipers on and off. In addition, many older cars have a simple windshield wiper motor speed control - two positions "fast and slow" - no major modification is simply necessary. Install a humidity sensor and water drops falling on it will automatically trigger the circuit.

A car monitor with rear view cameras is a very important element in your car, because in modern urban realities you need to be a parking master to find a place to park the car. An example of installing a monitor in a car visor is clearly shown, which makes the image optimally positioned for the driver’s eyes.

Nowadays, the issue of accounting and saving energy resources, including fuel for vehicles, is more pressing than ever. Of the wide variety of devices that take into account fuel consumption, the most widely used are devices with a sensor recording element in the form of an impeller. Sensors with a different measurement principle, although they have sufficient accuracy, are difficult to manufacture and have disadvantages. Practice has shown that sensors with an impeller, made with the necessary and sufficient accuracy, can operate for years without requiring maintenance, with a registration error below the tolerance for this type of device

The ignition system is a set of various automotive instruments and devices that generate an electric spark to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the cylinders of an internal combustion engine when the ignition system key is turned. On this page you can find various ignition connection diagrams for VAZ cars. As well as homemade amateur radio versions of the electronic ignition circuit

It has the following advantages: the spark power is increased, the breaker contacts do not burn; no resistor is needed in the ignition coil circuit; when the ignition is on, but the engine is not started, the circuit smoothly without a spark turns off

In the Soviet automobile industry, the RS57 type turn signal interrupter was electromagnetic principle action and was used to provide flashing signal lights, making the turn signal more visible and noticeable to other road users. The turn signal switch is connected in series to the turn signal circuit. Within the framework of the article, we will consider options for replacing this electromagnetic device with its electronic analogues.

Probably every car enthusiast forgot in the warm season to close the windows in the car, so that this does not happen again, I suggest putting together a circuit designed to automatically close all the windows in the car when the alarm is set. Let's look at a few possible options implementation of designs from simple circuits with relays to automatic window lift control on a microcontroller.

Every driver of a truck or bus with an on-board voltage of 24 volts has encountered the problem of connecting a 12 volt consumer. This article provides a solution to this problem.

In all modern cars, when the engine temperature reaches a critical point, the radiator cooling fan is activated. But there are a lot of negative effects of a sudden start, which over time affects the electrics of the vehicle. This article describes a diagram of an option for replacing the cooling fan soft start relay.

Carburetor economizer device

Carburetors were installed on cars for many years until they gradually vacated their place various systems fuel injection. But the automobile age of Russian cars is long, and we still have to deal with vehicles that still have a carburetor. Well, how is he known? normal operation is provided by several devices, the main one being a fuel economizer. This is exactly what we will talk about, and also consider the diagram of the forced idle economizer system for VAZ cars

A car starter is a device that allows the engine to start after turning in any weather conditions. Almost all starters, in their essence, are conventional short-term electric motors, but of high power. The starting cycle of a typical device consists of three attempts with a 30 second interval between them. Since the car has a single source of electricity (the battery), the engineers chose a DC electric motor for the starters.

Every car owner who has driven a budget car knows how long it takes to wait for heat to come from the engine when it warms up in the winter, especially if you live in the northern part of the largest country in the world. It takes about 30 minutes to reach a comfortable temperature, and this happens every morning. The best idea to solve this problem, in my opinion, is to heat the car interior with a fan heater. An old toaster and a faulty computer power supply helped bring the idea to life.

In winter, many Russian drivers begin to experience a time when driving a car requires a preheated engine. A car antifreeze heating circuit helps solve this problem. The first one discussed is quite simple to repeat.

A heated steering wheel, along with heated seats, mirrors, and windows, is not a luxury these days, but an indicator of the level that a person lives in a civilized country. All of the above parameters in a personal car are very convenient, and help the driver to concentrate only on driving the vehicle, and not on his frozen fingers.

This design is designed to generate a sound signal when trucks and buses move backwards, while automatic mode A sound signal begins to generate, warning of danger.

The main advantage of the second battery is that the accumulated energy is consumed through an additional battery, and the first one is in reserve, that is, you don’t have to worry about starting the car after a picnic far from civilization. Many foreign cars already have a second battery under the hood. Their only drawback is the parallel connection of 2 batteries

This amateur radio design Suitable for charging most smartphones and tablets from 5 volts even with the ignition off. Or it will allow you to power the DVR for 40 minutes, while the car is waiting for its owner in the parking lot. Basis diagram AVR microcontroller Tiny13, firmware is included with it.

One of the common hobbies of amateurs and professionals in the field of electronics is the design and manufacture of various homemade products for the home. Electronic homemade products do not require large material and financial costs and can be done at home, since work with electronics is, for the most part, “clean”. The only exception is the manufacture of various body parts and other mechanical components.

Useful electronic homemade products can be used in all areas of everyday life, from the kitchen to the garage, where many are engaged in improving and repairing car electronic devices.

Homemade products in the kitchen

Kitchen electronics crafts can be a complement to existing accessories and fixtures. Industrial and homemade electric kebab makers are very popular among apartment residents.

Another common example of kitchen homemade products made by a home electrician is timers and automatic switching on of lights above work surfaces, and electric ignition of gas burners.

Important! Changing the design of some household appliances, especially gas appliances, may cause “misunderstanding and rejection” by regulatory organizations. In addition, it requires great care and attention.

Electronics in the car

Homemade devices for cars are most widely used among owners of domestic brands of vehicles, which are distinguished by a minimum number of additional functions. The following schemes are in wide demand:

• Sound indicators for turns and handbrake;
• Operating mode indicator battery and a generator.

More experienced radio amateurs are equipping their cars with parking sensors, electronic window drives, and automatic light sensors to control low beam headlights.

Homemade crafts for beginners

Most novice radio amateurs are engaged in the manufacture of structures that do not require high qualifications. Simple proven designs can serve for a long time and not only for the sake of benefit, but also as a reminder of the technical “growing up” from a beginner radio amateur to a professional.

For inexperienced hobbyists, many manufacturers produce ready-made construction kits that contain printed circuit board and a set of elements. Such sets allow you to practice the following skills:

• Reading schematic and wiring diagrams;
• Correct soldering;
• Setup and adjustment using a ready-made method.

Among the sets, electronic watches of various designs and degrees of complexity are very common.

As an area of ​​application of knowledge and experience, radio amateurs can design electronic toys, using simpler schemes or altering industrial structures to suit your wishes and capabilities.

Interesting ideas for crafts can be seen in the examples of making radio-electronic crafts from worn-out computer parts.

Home workshop

To independently design radio-electronic devices, you need a certain minimum of tools, devices and measuring instruments:

• Soldering iron;
• Side cutters;
• Tweezers;
• Screwdriver Set;
• Pliers;
• Multifunctional tester (avometer).

On a note. When planning to do electronics yourself, you should not immediately take on complex designs and purchase an expensive tool.

Most radio amateurs began their journey by using a simple 220V 25-40W soldering iron, and the most popular Soviet tester, the Ts-20, was used in the home laboratory. All this is enough for practicing with electricity, acquiring the necessary skills and experience.

There is no point in buying an expensive soldering station for a novice radio amateur if he does not have the necessary experience with a conventional soldering iron. Moreover, the possibility of using the station will not appear soon, but only after sometimes quite a long time.

There is also no need for professional measuring equipment. The only serious device that even a novice amateur may need is an oscilloscope. For those who already understand electronics, an oscilloscope is one of the most sought-after measurement tools.

Inexpensive digital devices made in China can be successfully used as an avometer. Having rich functionality, they have high measurement accuracy, ease of use and, importantly, have a built-in module for measuring transistor parameters.

When talking about a DIY home workshop, one cannot fail to mention the materials used for soldering. This is solder and flux. The most common solder is POS-60 alloy, which has a low melting point and provides high soldering reliability. Most solders used for soldering all kinds of devices are analogues of the mentioned alloy and can be successfully replaced with it.

Ordinary rosin is used as a flux for soldering, but for ease of use it is better to use its solution in ethyl alcohol. Rosin-based fluxes do not require removal from installation after operation, since they are chemically neutral under most operating conditions, and the thin film of rosin formed after evaporation of the solvent (alcohol) exhibits good protective properties.

Important! When soldering electronic components Under no circumstances should active fluxes be used. This is especially true for soldering acid (zinc chloride solution), since even under normal conditions such flux has a destructive effect on thin copper printed conductors.

To service heavily oxidized terminals, it is better to use active acid-free flux LTI-120, which does not require rinsing.

It is very convenient to work using solder that contains flux. The solder is made in the form of a thin tube, inside of which there is rosin.

For mounting elements, breadboards made of double-sided foil fiberglass, which are produced in a wide range, are well suited.

Security measures

Working with electricity is associated with risks to health and even life, especially if the electronics are designed with your own hands with mains power. Homemade electrical devices should not use transformerless power from a household network alternating current. As a last resort, such devices should be configured by connecting them to the network through an isolation transformer with a transformation ratio equal to unity. The voltage at its output will correspond to the network voltage, but at the same time reliable galvanic isolation will be ensured.

Electronic homemade products, today, are in an accessible way manufacturing useful mechanisms that can make life easier and diversify leisure time. Modern craftsmen are able to assemble with their own hands both simple toys and complex, multi-tasking mechanisms. Read below to learn how to quickly and easily make electronic toys, interesting and useful electronic crafts for your home and car!

Simple DIY electronics: making a spinner

Electrical engineering today is widely used for both practical and entertainment purposes. Some inventions (such as the “ smart House”) will be quite difficult for a beginner to do. They require experience and advanced knowledge of physics. Other designs are simple and accessible to beginner radio amateurs. For example, you can make interesting toys with your own hands - spinners, the sales of which have increased incredibly this year.

To assemble the toy you will need to stock up on:

• Wooden blank measuring 9x4x1.2 cm;
• Bearing size 2.2x0.8x0.7 cm (with rubber seal);
• Two RGB LEDs;
• Two CR2032 batteries and holders;
• Stainless steel bolt 0.8x2 cm;
• M8 cap nuts.

After this you can start working. First of all, you will need to find a design diagram on the Internet and transfer it to a raw block - a workpiece. To correctly mark the technological holes (there will be three of them), you will need a ruler.

Then follows:

1. In the middle of the workpiece, drill a through hole with a diameter of 2.2 cm for the bearing;
2. Drill two holes on the sides of the workpiece with a diameter of 2.5 cm and a depth of 7.5 mm;
3. Using a drill, make two holes with a diameter of 6 mm for LEDs in the middle of two blind holes;
4. Countersink the holes;
5. Give the toy a rounded shape using a jigsaw, band saw or jigsaw;
6. Sand the workpiece with sandpaper and coat it with varnish;
7. Solder the LEDs to the battery holders;
8. Check the LEDs and install them in the mounting holes, fixing them with super glue;
9. Clean the bearing and treat its insides with WD 40;
10. Cut off the bolt head and secure the axle in the bearing on both sides with nuts;
11. Install the bearing into the mounting hole.

The spinner is ready! The toy will be interesting not only for children. Adults can also use this electronic device: the device, rotating, will help you relax or get distracted.

Simple electronic homemade circuits: making an electric call

You can make an electric call quite simply and quickly with your own hands.

Such a call will last a long time and will please the ear. After all, when pressed, it will be able to create signals of different frequencies and tones.

Thus, an electric call can be single-tone or multi-tone.

The ability of a bell to reproduce sound in one or more tones will be influenced by the presence in the radio design circuit of a multivibrator with two bipolar transistors. Let us consider in detail the circuit of an electronic call with a complex sound signal.

Yes, electronic homemade circuit will consist of the following radio components:

• Step-down transformer series TA;
• Call button;
• Five alloy silicon diodes;
• Electrolytic capacitor with a capacity of 1000 microfarads
• Two electrolytic capacitors with a capacity of 10 microfarads;
• Two trimming resistors with a resistance of 470 kilo-ohms;
• Two MLT resistors with a resistance of 10 kiloohms;
• Two MLT resistors with a resistance of 33 kilo-ohms;
• MLT resistor 1 kilo-ohm;
• MLT resistor 470 kilo-ohm;
• Three silicon-plenary transistors type 630D
• Silicon planar transistor type 630G.

The principle of operation of the device is simple. Pressing the button will open the third transistor of type 630D, allowing current to pass to the fourth transistor of type 630G. This will create the primary signal. When the second transistor of type 630D opens, the third and fourth transistors will be locked, creating a signal of a different tone.

DIY crafts for the car

Automotive electronics are in great demand today. At the same time, homemade automation often has simple circuits, easy execution and installation. What kind of electrical homemade products can you make for your car yourself?

So, you can do the following for your car with your own hands:

• Dynamic turn signals using the KIT DIY constructor;
• Universal charger from old electronics;
• Water pump based air conditioning;
• Heated wipers and much more.

The easiest way would be to design a backlight for the seat belt buckles. To do this, you will need to dismantle and disassemble the locks using a flat-head screwdriver. After that, using hot-melt adhesive, you need to secure the LEDs in the locks.

Each LED can be turned on through its own current-limiting resistor: this will extend the life of the semiconductor light-emitting device.

After this, you should assemble the locks, and run the wires powering the LEDs under the seats to the ignition or the parking button through the cigarette lighter. At the owner's request, the car's interior lighting can be supplemented with lamps that indicate that the seat belt is not fastened.

Unusual electronic homemade products: do-it-yourself binary clocks

You can make cool ones with your own hands binary clock for home. To do this you need an Arduino platform. The electrical circuits on this platform are simple and convenient; they are used for the manufacture of most electronic homemade products.

Additionally, to make a binary clock you will need:

• Real time clock module on DS1302 chip;
• Diffuse LEDs with a diameter of 1 cm (20 pieces);
• Resistors with a resistance of 10 Ohms (20 pieces);
• Resistors with a resistance of 10 kilo-ohms (2 pieces);
• Two tact buttons;
• Frame.

The watch case must consist of two halves, which can be made of wood, plastic, or metal. It depends on what style your watch will be. Before making the housing, you will need to assemble the LED matrix.

In this case, each LED must be connected through its own current-limiting resistor.

After this, the leads from the LEDs must be connected to the platform. The controller itself will need to be connected to the real time clock module. After this, the contacts from Arduino and the module must be routed to the clock buttons to set the time through resistors with a nominal value of 10 kilo-ohms. They will serve as load bearings. Finally, you should connect the power cable to the circuit.

Useful DIY crafts: how to make household scales

Today, almost every home has a floor or kitchen scale. In order to make this useful yourself measuring device, you need to understand its structure and operating principle.

Thus, the external components of the scales include:

• Weight processor;
• Frame;
• Display screen;
• Platform;
• Legs.

The principle of operation of the scales is extremely simple. The load, falling on the platform, presses on it due to gravity, activating the strain gauge load cell inside the device. The strain gauge, in turn, influences the strain gauge, changing its resistance. The latter transmits a signal analog-to-digital converter. After this, the ADC converts the signal to digital and feeds it to the microcontroller, which draws conclusions about the mass of the load on the platform and displays the values ​​on the screen.

When assembling the circuit, you need to pay attention to the type of strain gauge.

So, for a central location under the platform of floor, commercial and technical scales, it is better to choose a single-point sensor. For bending installation, a block sensor is used. In this case, you need to ensure that the strain gauge has reliable connection with ADC. A weight processor will help solve the problem of connecting devices.

DIY radio circuits for the home: making an electronic lock

Electrics can also serve to protect your home. So, today, homemade sites offer simple radio circuits for electronic locks for the front door. It is impossible to open such a lock using a physical key.

The simplest electrical circuit for making a lock is usually based on a four-digit Johnson meter.

This scheme can be implemented in several variations. The simplest one is using the 4017 microcircuit. The principle of operation of the circuit is quite simple: when you enter the correct four-digit code, a logical unit is activated at the input of the microcircuit, which opens the lock.

Let's take a closer look at the operation of the device:

• When the wrong keys are pressed, the circuit restarts without triggering the mechanism through the RESET input.
• The correct signal when pressing a key should be sent to field-effect transistor VT1, which, after opening, supplies voltage to the output corresponding to the key;
• After the correct code has been completely entered, from the output corresponding to the last correct key, the signal is sent to the transistor VT2 connected to the relay;
• The transistor is activated for a time that determines the capacitance of the capacitor;
• The relay opens an actuator (for example, a latch).

In order to open such a lock, you will need to go through about ten thousand different codes. At the same time, the numbers on the code should not be repeated. That is, code 3355 will not be possible; all digital values ​​must be different.

Most of the electronic homemade products that modern craftsmen make are designed to perform ordinary household tasks faster and better than authentic devices. For example, an electric spinning wheel will significantly speed up the process of creating yarn. You can quickly make an electric spinning wheel by placing an electric motor on an authentic device.

At the same time, the motor for an electric spinning wheel must have a power of at least 15 W.

As a motor, you can use a motor from a fan, auto cleaner, or player. The pedal must be used to operate the engine. It will be possible to change the movements of the motor by including a TP-type toggle switch in the circuit, which provides connection of a capacitor and resistance to different windings.

An electric fly swatter will be useful and easy to assemble and operate.

In order to implement such a mechanism, you will need to assemble a standard blocking generator. At the same time, you will need to remember to insulate the handle of the fly swatter.

Where to find amateur radio circuits and homemade products

Modern sites for radio amateurs offer to make not only useful, but also unusual homemade radios. So, for example, on the Mozgochina website you can find interesting electronic circuits for making refrigerator reminders, thermometers that change color depending on the temperature, etc.

Electrical gadgets for everyday life and crafts made from scrap materials for fishing from the site “Visiting Samodelkin” will be interesting and useful.

You can read about how to design, debug and manufacture electronic mechanisms at home in the book “Entertaining Radio Electronics”. New items among homemade radios are often posted on the “Amateur Radio Workshop” website. Entertaining and useful technical materials contain new issues of the magazine “Radio Amateurs”.

DIY crafts at home (video)

Amateur radio clubs today are popular among both schoolchildren and adults. Master classes and radio circuits presented on various websites allow you to assemble almost any electrical appliance at home. The main thing is to find necessary diagrams, strictly follow the instructions, and adhere to safety precautions when working with electricity. And you can collect whatever you want!

Many electrical appliances can be repaired or new ones can be made with your own hands. For this home, there will always be something that can be converted to perform new functions: an old electronic watch, a children's car, an out-of-use computer and much more. Useful crafts can always be repaired or remade. It is better to have a workshop with tools for work.

Equipped master's home workshop

power unit

Homemade electronic devices require different voltages. In particular, soldering requires a regulated power supply. This opportunity can be provided by the LM-317 chip, which is a voltage stabilizer.

Scheme adjustable block nutrition

Devices based on this scheme allow you to change output voltage within 1.2-30 V, using variable resistor P1. The permissible current is 1.5 A, the power of the device depends on the choice of transformer.

The voltmeter is adjusted using trimming resistor P2. To do this, set the current to 1 mA at a circuit output voltage of 30 V.

What stands out on the chip is more power, the greater the difference between the input and output signals. To reduce heat, it requires a radiator with a cooler.

A homemade board with an LM-317 chip is placed in a case - a computer power supply. A voltmeter and clamps for the output wires are installed on the front PCB panel.

Simple auto tester

A sampler for cars and other purposes should always be on hand at home, in the garage or on the go. The figure below shows a homemade diagram that allows you to check electrical circuits with a resistance of up to 10 kOhm and a voltage of 6-15 V.

Two indication circuits are connected in series to the battery and in parallel to each other. The first consists of resistor R1 and LED HL1, which lights up when checking the voltage. At the same time, the battery is recharged.

Circuit and design: a) homemade circuit, which allows you to check electrical circuits with a resistance of up to 10 kOhm and the presence of a voltage of 6-15 V; b) homemade design of a test probe

When a circuit is tested, current flows from the battery through circuit HL2, R2. At the same time, the HL2 LED lights up. Its brightness will be greater, the lower the circuit resistance.

Like all homemade products, the design of the probe can be done different ways, for example, place it in a transparent plastic case that you can easily glue together with your own hands.

Such devices are indispensable when repairing an electrical network or household appliance at home. Crafts can be more complex and have additional functions.

Electric devices for heat treatment of meat products without the use of fuel are made for a small number of portions and can be used at home or in the country. To prepare barbecue using an electric barbecue maker, there is no need to spend expensive hours of rest standing outside at the barbecue.

In specialized stores you can choose any device, but the price decides a lot. If you have skills in handling electricity, it will be much cheaper to make an electric kebab maker with your own hands.

The structures are made in horizontal or vertical design. The power of the device usually does not exceed 1.5 kW. The meat is heated using a spiral with a tungsten or nichrome thread. All metal parts are made of stainless steel.

Typical devices are vertical heaters in the center and skewers with product around. They are attached from above. It is advisable to make skewers in the form of spirals, from which the meat does not slide down during the cooking process.

Vertical type of electric kebab maker

To make high-quality barbecue with your own hands, the skewers should be placed as close as possible to the heater, but so that the product does not touch the spiral. When placed at a distance, the meat will not fry, but will dry out.

Pieces of product no larger than 40 mm in size are placed on a skewer, which is placed vertically around the heater. Then the electricity is turned on and the coil is heated.

The heater is based on a heat-resistant ceramic tube on which a spiral is wound. Fastening at the bottom is done using a special cartridge.

In the round base there are special cups for collecting fat and a frame that serves to hold the skewers vertically.

Cups are made of stainless steel. They have cross-shaped protrusions at the bottom, which are inserted into the slots in the base. Inside they have devices for attaching skewers. Fixing the cup on both sides allows them to hold the skewers vertically.

The connection must be strong and at the same time easy to disassemble for cleaning. You can make a common removable tray for all skewers.

The cross-section of the supply wire is selected to match the power of the heater (2.5 or 4 mm2). At home or in the country there should be a 16 A socket for it.

Timer for watering plants

Devices with timers are used for drip irrigation of an area from a container at a certain time. They can be connected to valves with any capacity.

Often branded devices do not provide the required reliability. Then the old ones come to the rescue Wall Clock, which are in good working order, but are no longer used at home. Small magnets are attached to the ends of the minute and hour hands, and there are 3 reed switches on the dial.

Timer circuit for watering plants, which uses a wall clock

As soon as the hour hand reaches the number 7, and the minute hand reaches 12, which corresponds to the time of 7 o'clock, the reed switches SA1 and SA3 are triggered and the signal opens the solenoid valve. After 2 hours, the arrows will move to 9 and 12, and current will flow through the contacts of the reed switches SA1 and SA2 to close the valve.

The diagram shows a “rain sensor”, which in wet weather closes transistor VT1 and the valve remains constantly closed. Manual control of the solenoid valve is also provided via buttons S1 and S2.

The clock can be set to any time the valve is turned on.

Car with remote control

Homemade radio-controlled models captivate not only children, but also adults. They can be used for playing at home or for real competitions in the yard. To assemble it yourself, you will need a chassis with wheels, an electric motor and a housing.

There is a large assortment on sale, but first of all you need to decide which machine is best to make. The control panel can be wired or radio controlled.

When choosing parts, you should pay attention to their quality. The plastic should be free of nicks, inclusions and other mechanical defects. The wheels are sold with the chassis and should turn easily. Grip on the surface is better provided by rubber. Plastic wheels are much worse in this regard.

For a beginner, it is better to take an electric motor, which is cheaper and easier to maintain than an internal combustion engine. You can choose any body or make it according to your own sketch.

The motor, battery and radio unit with antenna are installed on the chassis of the mini-car. If you purchase a kit with components, assembly instructions are included.

After installing the parts, the operation of the motor is adjusted. The housing is installed on the chassis after everything is working.

You can assemble mini-copies at home as follows:

• the car is assembled carefully and through joint efforts;
• the materials of the model parts may differ from the original;
• small and insignificant details can be omitted.

The model can be made without focusing on a specific car brand. Much depends on finances and availability of free time. Assembling a mini-car at home with a child has great educational value.

The work on assembling the car model is carried out according to plan. Some parts need to be purchased, but you can use old toys.

The power of the motor must match the weight of the device. Fresh batteries or accumulator are used for power supply.

If you use a special car designer, crafts can be very diverse. Assembly sequence:

• the frame is assembled first;
• the motor is attached and adjusted;
• the power supply is installed;
• the antenna with the radio unit is fixed;
• wheels are installed and adjusted.

Types of radio-controlled car models

Many DIY tricks are revealed in this video.

Electronic homemade products can make life more comfortable and save a lot of money. In addition, you can find a use for old electrical appliances so that they do not gather dust in the pantry without a purpose. Useful DIY crafts are often better than factory-made products.